Friday, December 27, 2019

Cna Code Of Ethics For Registered Nurses - 1611 Words

CNA Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses (2008) provides guidance in dealing with cases like this by explaining the core nursing values and responsibilities involved which are: a) providing safe, compassionate, competent and ethical care; b) promoting health and well-being; c) promoting and respecting informed decision-making, and d) Preserving dignity; e) maintaining confidentiality, f) promoting justice and g) being accountable. The first nursing value is always expected to be upheld in any case because it is their duty to provide care using appropriate safety precautions and preventing/minimizing all forms of violence (CNA, 2008). The collaboration of the nurses between the physician and Mr. C’s family has been evident since then. This therefore calls Mr. C’s nurses to be more compassionate about his situation and try to recognize where he is coming from as they build a trust-worthy relationship before judging him or jumping into conclusions like he does not want to live anymore. Even if he decides to withdraw from these potentially life-sustaining treatments, health care providers are still obliged to give him the care he need the best way they can up until the end of his life. The second nursing value, just like the first one, still calls nurses to still aim to promote or at least maintain Mr. C’s health and well-being to the highest possible level regardless of the path he had chosen for his life. This can be achieved by continuing to collaborate well with otherShow MoreRelatedCode of Ethics - Nursing1475 Words   |  6 Pageshandled by a single person—the nurse. In today’s society, nurses’ roles and responsibilities have drastically changed. Nurses are not only limited to a hospital setting where they are assessing patients, handing out medications or assisting doctors. Nurses are also a counselor, an agent of change and a patient’s advocate. Nurses can also be an educator in a classroom setting, during clinical practice of student nurses or through public presentations. In addition, nurses can also take up roles as partRead MoreCode of Ethics - Nursing1478 Words   |  6 Pageshandled by a single person—the nurse. In today’s society, nurses’ roles and responsibilities have drastically changed. Nurses are not only limited to a hospital setting where they are assessing patients, handing out medications or assisting doctors. Nurses are also a counselor, an agent of change and a patient’s advocate. Nurses can also be an educator in a classroom setting, during clinical practice of student nurses or through public presentations. In addition, nurses can also take up roles as partRead MoreConfidentiality in the Moral Community of Nursing700 Words   |  3 PagesConfidentiality in the Moral Community of Nursing Laabs (2008) stated that nurses require applied ethics to give moral direction while practicing. A moral community is a safe â€Å"place where community members are encouraged to bring ethical concerns to light and deal with these in a manner that promotes shared understanding and mutual respect†(Hardingham, 2004). In this paper I will tell you a story of an ethical conflict that I have encountered about breach of confidentiality, I will then go on toRead MoreThe Code of Ethics for Professional Nurses Essay1271 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses is a document that details how a nurse in Manitoba is expected to act regarding ethical matters (College of Registered Nurses of Manitoba, [CRNM] 2006). Ethical principles are laid out with the assumption that nurses value and respect the individuality of people (Burkhardt, Nathaniel, and Walton, 2014). This paper will examine a case study and discuss the ethical principles, values and laws that pertain to the case. The stance that the nurse should takeRead MoreANA Code of Ethics Provision Five Review Essay869 Words   |  4 Pagesprovision five of the ANA code of ethics are as follows: section 5.1, which is moral self-respect, suggests that nurses must care for themselves as much as they care for their patients. Nurses must do their best to maintain professional respect to themselves in regards of their competence and moral character. Section 5.2, which is professional growth and maintenance of competence, suggests that nurses must contin ue to self and peer evaluate themselves throughout their careers. Nurses must continue to learnRead MoreA Reflection On Labeling Mental Illness1560 Words   |  7 Pagespractitioner and become a life-long learner. Somerville Keeling (2004) define critical reflection as â€Å"the capacity to uncover our assumptions about ourselves, other people, and the workplace† (p.42). The Saskatchewan Registered Nurses’ Association (SRNA) mandates that registered nurses practicing in the province, under the Standards and Foundation Competencies, must â€Å"engage in critical inquiry to inform clinical decision-making and establish therapeutic, caring, and culturally safe relationships withRead MoreEuthanasi Assisted Suicide And Euthanasia Essay2335 Words   |  10 Pages that is explicitly intended to end another person life† (p. 2) by a physician. Lastly, aid is dying is the request of a prescription for medication; provided by a physician, that patients can self-administ er to end ones life peacefully (American Nurses Association [ANA], 2013). For this intent of this paper, physician- assisted suicide and euthanasia will be used independently. The act of physician- assisted suicide, as of June 2016, is legal in the Netherlands, Belgium, Colombia, Luxembourg, SwitzerlandRead MoreQuestions On The Ethical Tension1415 Words   |  6 Pagespainful. She describes herself as traumatized and saying her mental goodbyes to her husband and children. She knew nobody could hear her and she was horrified. When the regained full motor sensory, she remembers the first words out of her mouth to the nurse, stating â€Å"I was awake, I felt everything.† Donna was left to deal with this medical malfunction on her own. Since the surgery, Donna has been diagnosed with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It has changed her life in many ways. She has had toRead MoreThe Evolutions Of Social Media1585 Words   |  7 PagesThe evolutions in social media come with an increasing number of ways of socializing and connecting with others, which brings about challenges that were not faced previously. This is shown in the case scenario where a student nurse, Roxanne, receives a friend request on Facebook from her client, Ashley, who is recovering from depression and whom Roxanne has developed a therapeutic relationship with during clinical. Ashley appreciates Roxanne’s supportive care and hopes to attend nursing school. Roxanne’sRead MoreThe Problem Of Care Aids1374 Words   |  6 Pagesproviders and administration. Will they ignore this because they are low on staff? Is the care aid experiencing the results of poor staffing, which is leading to her irritable behavior? It is known that care facilities that maintain a high patient-to-nurse ratio, experience greater rates of employee burnout and/or job dissatisfaction (Schulz, Damkroger, Voltmer, Lowe, Driessen, Ward Wingenfeld, 2011). Subsequently, this burnout could lead to the irritability and lack of patience that the care aid exemplified

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

The Impact Of Australian Environmental Impacts On Australia

Question 1: Australia was once one of the healthiest and wealthiest single megadiverse country in the world. Unfortunately, it is now facing serious environmental problems which will affect the future generations. The early signs of the Australian environmental impacts were introduced by the colonial settlement in the 18th -19th century. The coastal population, the bringing of new species, the land degradation and the water conflicts, are the agents that contributed to the start of the environment deterioration. And since the environmental issues are directly related to population growth, human activities and associated developments, it is definite that Australia will still be encountering future environmental challenges. Even with the compliance to legislation acts and protection policies, Australia is at the forefront of environmental management but in fact were are leaving our future generations major environmental problems such as climate change, fresh water allocation and storage, marine fisheries, rapid growth in mining and coal seam gas development, biodiversity loss, land degradation and deforestation. Drought, heatwaves, bushfires, longer fire season, floods, sea level rising, oceans warming and becoming more acidic, all these are happening because of the climate change Australia is experiencing. The major driver believed to be the cause of climate change is greenhouse gas emissions, and since Australia is one of the top countries withShow MoreRelatedImmigration And Immigration Of Australia1276 Words   |  6 Pageshave come to Australia as new immigrants and they had a marked influence on all aspects of society. In the 50 years Australia has welcomed about 5.9 millions of migrants comprising about 3.1 million males and 2.8 million females (Queensland Govt., n.d). More than 599 000 people have arrived under humanitarian programs, initially as displaced persons and more recently as refugees. Statistics from the Department of Immigration and Citizenship reported that during this same period in Australia, approximatelyRead MoreThe Topic Of Sustainable Business Practices966 Words   |  4 Pageswhat is meant by the term sustainability and its dimensions. Secondly examples will be provided to illustrate the ways in which ExxonMobil is operating in an ethical and sustainable mann er. Thirdly this report will critically look at the area of environmental responsibilities to an organizations and what ExxonMobil is doing in that aspect. Finally this report will observe the importance for organization to be sustainable. Sustainability according to Bruntland can be defined as ‘meeting the needs ofRead MoreThe Environmental Impacts Of The Gas Fracking Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesESSAY: â€Å"Should Australia continue to allow coal seams to be mined when the environmental impacts are unknown ?† Australia should not approve more coal seam gas mining applications and should urgently investigation the environmental impacts of the Fracking Process. The coal seam gas fracking process has been promoted as the new clean energy yet the process has been shown to cause leaks of carcinogenic chemicals and methane gas in multiple countries including America and Australia. It is also linkedRead MoreSocial, Economic, Political And Environmental Factors Of Globalization1429 Words   |  6 PagesBackground 2 Social Impacts 3 Positives 3 Figure 1. 3 Negatives 3 Economic Impacts 4 Positives 4 Negatives 4 Political Impacts 5 Positive 5 5 Figure 3. 5 5 Figure 2. 5 Negative 5 Environmental Impacts 6 Positives 6 Figure 5. 6 6 Figure 4. 6 Negatives 6 Figure 6. 6 Figure 7. 6 Conclusion 7 Introduction This report will discuss the phenomenon of Globalisation in Australia. The report will analyse the social, economic, political and environmental factors of globalisation in Australia. In these factorsRead MoreAustralian Aviation Sector Influences On The Australian Economy And The Tourism Industry1580 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This economic issues report will outline how the Australian aviation sector influences both the Australian economy and the tourism industry. The report will also highlight how the economic issues of employment, fuel consumption and environmental challenges affect the Australian aviation sector and how these issues relate to the economic principles of supply and demand. The report will briefly explain the background of the Australian aviation sector; identify economic market trends and currentRead MoreThe Mining Industry in South Australia972 Words   |  4 PagesAustralia’s economy and, benefits it has provided outweigh whichever associated costs. As developed by the South Australian State Government (2013), â€Å"realising the benefits of the mining boom for all† is one of the seven strategic priorities to secure the state’s future. Mining is an important industry in South Australia because it has been a major source of minerals for the high demand in Austral ia and many countries (Flinders Ranges Research n.d.). This industry plays a vital part in advantaging the stateRead MoreEssay on The Dangers of Mining of Uranium in Australia1002 Words   |  5 Pagesfuel as primary energy resources in the world. Australia is one of countries that have the largest uranium deposits in the globe. So, Australia has a big opportunity to make a lot of money from uranium exports to other countries. On the other hand, The Australian Government is still debating about this issue because of negative impact on uranium mining and exploration. For these reasons, some people believe that uranium mining has more positive impacts on economic such as, benefits from uranium exportsRead MoreUranium Mining in Australia Essay1017 Words   |  5 Pageson the mining of uranium in Australia ? Uranium has become a big issue as an alternative energy resource in the future due to the shortage of fossil fuel as a primary energy resource in the world. Australia is one of country that has the largest uranium deposits in the globe. So, Australia has important opportunity to make a lot of money from uranium exports to other countries. However, the Australian Government is still debating this issue because of the negative impact of uranium mining and explorationRead MoreThe Expanding Demand for Energy and Other Services in Australia1096 Words   |  5 Pagesand demands are infinite and fulfilling them can become a daunting task for any developing country or nation. The Australian Federal Government is confronted with these endless demands daily and must make decisions that are both advantageous towards the Australian public and satisfies the rudimentary requirements and necessities of the nation. Energy is a primary need that the Australian public requires daily and the procedure s of generating the immense amounts of electricity required for poweringRead MoreAustralia And Its Tourism Industry Falls Among The Most Vital Industries Of The Australian Economy1098 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Australia is rich in scenic beauty and its tourism industry falls among the most vital industries in the Australian economy. From 2013-2014 it contributed about $43 billion to the country’s Gross Domestic Product. According to 2010-2011 reports 513,700 people were employed in tourism. With a 92% return on investment for government spending– it offers higher returns than Australia’s leading industries such as mining, meat and agriculture. Since the last 12 months, tourism has been made

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Rape Victims Essay Example For Students

Rape Victims Essay Rape VictimsOutside in the rain, a young man approached the house. He knew exactly where to go, he had been watching the back door. No one knows how often he had been out there, but he knew exactly where to find the hidden key. It was hidden in a woodpile behind some bushes next to the whit picked fence. He used it to let himself in the back door. He walked through the kitchen, around a corner, up the stairs, past the kids rooms, and into Rosss bedroom. Shed been asleep for about half an hour, and the movement in the room startled her awake. Her first thought was that one of the children had come to her with a problem. Then she noticed the flashlight held by a tall figure dimly illuminated by a night-light down the hall. Who are you? What do you want? She demanded. My friend is with your children, and he has a gun, the man said. Hell kill them if you dont do what I want. Ross pleaded with him to take whatever money was there and leave. Her told her not to scream, and when she began to cry, he told her she should stop, because he said youre a grown woman. He performed oral sex on her, and then raped her. When he had finished, he said to no one in particular, That was awesome. Then he put a pillow over her face, told her to count to 100, and then he left the house. When she was sure he was gone, she checked the children and found the asleep and unharmed (apparently there had been no accomplice). (Grossman) This is just one of the disturbing situations where an innocent person is made into a victim. Rape is a felony crime in which a person is forced to have sexual intercourse without giving consent. Rape is traumatizing, and has a long lasting effect on how victims cope in society. While most rapes are unreported the number of cases reported in the United States more then doubled between 1970 and 1986. Rape is often motivated by extreme anger toward the victim or a need to overpower the victim. The motive is rarely sexual. Rape is intended to abuse, humiliate, and dehumanize the victim. 50% of all rapists are under the age of 25 and are most frequently with someone the victim already knows. This can be very traumatic and have many effects on the victim. The effects of rape are both physical and psychological. Some of the physical problems may be bruises, swelling around genital area, bruising around the vagina, sexually transmitted diseases, and/or possible pregnancy. Psychological effects may be guilty feelings, irritability, flashbacks, depression, fear, and difficulty. The physical effects may last from a day to a few months, depending on the extent of the injuries. The mental and emotional effects are less predictable, and may last a lifetime. (Cooper). RVA is an Illinois not-for-profit organization made up of many individuals with two primary goals: to assure that survivors of sexual assault are treated with dignity and compassion; and to affect changes in the way the legal system, medical institutions and society as a whole respond to survivors.RVA focuses on both social service and social change. Through our presence in Chicago areaemergency rooms, we provide nonjudgmental emotional support to victims of sexual violence,enabling them to become survivors. By providing basic legal and medical information, and referrals to other service organizations, we help the survivor make informed decisions. We also offer survivors continued support through telephone follow-up and our staff of counselors and legal advocates. Through these services, we enable survivors to regain control over their lives as quickly as possible. .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f , .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f .postImageUrl , .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f , .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f:hover , .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f:visited , .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f:active { border:0!important; } .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f:active , .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u02776c48863430c43f1c66f304998f6f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Experiments Essay Through our work with the Chicago Police Department, the Cook County States Attorneys Office and other area institutions, we strive to improve the treatment of survivors as a group in our society. RVA offers three distinct program areas: Counseling (individual and group), Advocacy legal and medical) and Education ; Training.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Red Bull Company Marketing Strategy

Executive Summary This paper identifies Red Bull as a unique company that has demonstrated the ability to achieve success through innovative and unconventional ways. Its unique marketing strategy stands out as the hallmark of the company’s innovation. Through its market innovation, Red Bull has been able to maintain a dominant market position in the global energy drink market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Red Bull Company Marketing Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Its expansion into Asia has however been incomplete because of the company’s minimal market presence in the region. This paper proposes a cautious market expansion into Japan through a joint venture with Oronamin-C. This plan (coupled with the company’s innovative market strategy) should provide an optimum market mix that sets Red Bull in a position to achieve significant success in Japan. Consequently, Red Bull should s ucceed in Japan. Introduction Red Bull has made a huge name in the world for its innovation. The product was initially an Asian product but an Austrian entrepreneur tailored it to suit the taste of the western market. Red bull’s development therefore emanated from a copyright transfer (from Thailand) that saw it transition into a carbonated drink with a strong western appeal. Many factors make Red Bull a popular energy drink; however, its market innovation sparks the interest of this paper. For example, Red Bull has shown strong market resilience in the wake of intense criticism (IBS Centre of Management Research 2). Indeed, Red bull has been able to transition from an unstable drink to a popular energy drink with global recognition. During the onset of the product launch (in Europe), there was a lot of opposition from health departments regarding the possible health effects of the drink. Consequently, the product received a poor reception in major European markets including France, Denmark, and Norway. In fact, in France, Red Bull (in its â€Å"natural† form) only gained acceptance in 2008 (IBS Centre of Management Research 2). Red Bull’s innovative attribute stems from its unconventional marketing strategy, which hinges on buzz marketing. At its launch, Red Bull had adopted conventional marketing strategies but its failure prompted a change of tact.The failure of the first marketing strategy dented the company’s financial well-being by $12 million (IBS Centre of Management Research 2).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, with the refocus on its unique marketing strategy, Red Bull became the envy of many beverage companies. Red Bull’s reliance on an unconventional marketing strategy defines this study’s interest because its sports-centred market strategy is innovative. Interestingly, the established cost of this innovation is lower than the conventional marketing costs adopted by other beverage companies. The main operational challenges for Red Bull stem from the lack of a patent for the company’s product formula. Consequently, many companies have used Red Bull’s secret ingredients to make rival products. In addition, Red Bull has received negative press for the potential medical risks its product poses (these risks are however in contention). Red Bull’s innovative market strategy bases its principles on the sale of a â€Å"lifestyle,† which is hinged on brand awareness. The company’s market slogan is â€Å"Red Bull gives you wings to fly.† Red Bull’s target market is a vibrant youth between 18-35 years. Unlike other beverage companies that rely on traditional media to sell their products, Red Bull relies on sponsoring sporting events and providing free products to athletes (the company has underwritten several sports competitions and sponsored dozens more). Furthermore, the company has concentrated its â€Å"place strategy† to avail its products mainly in nightclubs and entertainment spots. Red Bull’s innovative marketing strategy has seen it rake more than $4.2 billion in annual sales (IBS Centre of Management Research 3). The future social and commercial impact of Red Bull’s innovative marketing strategy is therefore positive because this strategy creates brand loyalty and improves sales revenues. The three main reasons for the success of Red Bull’s market strategy is its representation of a subculture, concentration in a niche market (as opposed to a mass market) and the perceived social benefits of consuming the drink (support for sports) (IBS Centre of Management Research 2). This paper explores the international business opportunity for selling Red Bull to the Japanese market (using the company’s innovative marketing strategy). The paper centres on three analyses  œ an analysis of the international business opportunity, an analysis of the proposed business opportunity, and an analysis of the financial projections.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Red Bull Company Marketing Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Analysis of the International Business Opportunity Red Bull has received wide acclaim for its product launches (in some Asian markets like China and the Philippines) (IBS Centre of Management Research 1). However, there is still a lot of pessimism regarding the company’s success in Japan. Some observers fear that Japan has different market dynamics that may hinder the success of the product in this market (Euromonitor International 1). The truth in this fear is unconfirmed but the understanding of Japan’s unique market dynamics mirrors the economic, political, and legal environments that affect its market operations. Japan’s Economic, Politic al, and Legal Analysis Economic Japan’s economic environment is appropriate for the launch of Red Bull. Indeed, the country’s economic system bases its foundations around free-market principles that support international trade (Karan 353). Currently, Japan’s per capita income is $45,903 (above most of its Asian rivals and very close to America’s $48,442) (World Bank 2). This high per capita income means that Japanese consumers have the market power to buy premium products (in fact, the IBS Centre of Management Research (2) explains that Japan has a per capita consumption of 1.7 litres). However, Japan’s level of foreign investment falls below many industrialised nations. Compared to the US, UK, Germany, Australia and France; Japan has the lowest rate of foreign direct investments (Jetro 10). This low level of foreign investments has a mixed impact on the launch of Red Bull in the country because it signifies minimal competition (at least from forei gn competitors), but at the same time, it signifies a poor environment for foreign businesses to thrive). Political Japan enjoys political stability from its constitutional monarchy system. The political system is therefore undemocratic but it recognises the importance of embracing free-market leadership. This way, there is little political interference with the market operations. Though not ideal, Japan’s political environment poses minimal threat to Red Bull’s launch in the country. Indeed, there is an adequate political will to support the launch of new and foreign products in the Japanese market (Jain 5).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Legal Japan’s legal environment has made its economy to be among the most liberalised, industrialised and efficient economies in the world. However, Meiners (370) warns entrepreneurs against starting small businesses in Japan because government policies do not favour such businesses. This situation is uniquely different from the US because small businesses in the US receive government support. Asia Law (2) reports that Japan’s tax regimes may be as high as 65%. Small businesses are therefore discouraged from venturing into this market. However, since Red Bull is a global enterprise, this legal challenge does not severely affect its operations (IBS Centre of Management Research 2). Finally, like Japan’s governance structure, its labour laws borrow from the European model. Asia Law (2) says that Japan’s labour laws are somewhat paternalistic. This situation gives employers less flexibility. However, the Japanese labour force bends to the intrigues of the gl obal labour force (for example, lifetime tenure is making way for new job flexibilities) (Asia Law 2). Broadly, these changes are good for foreign investors because they increase the opportunities to source competent employees. Trade Area and Cultural Analysis Geographically, Japan comprises of four islands. However, the country’s state-of-the-art infrastructure facilitates the transportation of goods from one part of the country to another. Apart from logistical challenges, Japan’s geography does not significantly affect Red Bull’s intended venture. Since Red Bull targets young people as its main demographic group, Japan offers a good market for the product because recent population estimates show that the largest population is aged 15-64 years (Karan 34). Moreover, in a country that has more than 120 million people, a youth budge of more than 60% provides a good market for any company that targets young people (Karan 34). A possible challenge created by Japanà ¢â‚¬â„¢s demography lies in language barrier. With a majority population speaking Japanese, it is difficult to market a product that originates from a non-Japanese background. Nonetheless, providing a tailor-made product to suit the typical Japanese consumer solves this problem. Apart from Japan’s sporting culture, no significant customs or traditions affect the sale of Red Bull. Martial art is the most common sport (the Japanese also practice other western sports such as baseball and football). Motor sport also has a significant following in Japan because there are many Motorsports events that have received corporate sponsorship within the country. Drifting is also another type of sport that has quickly gained prominence in the Asian country and it offers an opportunity for more corporate sponsorship (IBS Centre of Management Research 2). Considering Japan’s demography and social customs, the main strengths and weaknesses of launching Red Bull in this market is the pr esence of a sporting culture and the challenges posed by marketing the product in a predominantly Japanese-speaking country. The sporting culture provides good grounds for Red Bull to market itself as a corporate sponsor (because it has achieved good success with this strategy in other parts of the world). Therefore, complemented by its global dominance, Red Bull is set to have a competitive advantage over other rival products in the sporting industry. However, since Red Bull’s appeals to a western market, it may experience a market penetration challenge in the Japanese culture. This way, Red Bull’s competitive advantage may be lost to other â€Å"Asian-oriented† energy drinks such as Otsuka’s Oronamin-C brand (a common energy drink in Japan). Operation of the Proposed Business Organisation Type and Ownership Red Bull’s market entry strategies in major world markets are inconsistent. Unlike other international brands like Heineken, Red Bull adopts a multifaceted market entry strategy. Japan offers very competitive market dynamics, which may prove to be problematic for Red Bull. Indeed, many market observers have expressed their pessimism regarding Red Bull’s success in this market (Euromonitor International 1). The market domination of Oronamin-C brand and Coca Cola inform this pessimism. Both products control more than 70% of the market share (Euromonitor International 1). It is therefore difficult for Red Bull to challenge this market dominance because it lacks the same resources as its competitors (like Coca Cola). Based on these dynamics, it is crucial for Red Bull to adopt a non-aggressive approach and seek a joint venture with another local company (preferably, Oronamin-C) (Euromonitor International 1). Many advantages are associated with pursuing joint ventures. One advantage that Red Bull will enjoy is risk sharing and the availability of local market knowledge (Trost 18). Another advantage that may be realised when pursuing a joint venture strategy is the joint financial strength that the companies will enjoy. This advantage will boost the company’s resources to expand to all parts of the country. However, some of the main disadvantages associated with the joint venture strategy are the loss of management control, the possibility of failing to recover capital, slow decision-making, high chances of disagreement between partners, and the possibility of both partners having different views regarding their business (Trost 18). Based on these dynamics, Red Bull will only enjoy a 50% ownership of its market venture. Product Red Bull’s venture in Japan centres on selling Red Bull as an energy product. Compared to other energy products in the Japanese market, Red Bull’s perception as a sports drink is its unique feature throughout the world. The value created by the product will be a â€Å"lifestyle appeal† to all its consumers. The product’s price will largely be in tandem with international pricing (about $2). Potential Suppliers: Since this paper proposes a joint venture strategy for Red Bull, the potential suppliers for the product will be the existing supplier for the joint partner. Ideally, since the Oronamin-C brand already has a dominant market presence in Japan, Red Bull should use its supply channel to distribute its products throughout the country. Inventory Policy: The influence of the partnership also shows in the formulation of the company’s inventory policy. However, since there are many uncertainties regarding Red Bull’s success in the Japanese market, the demand flow policy should be the main inventory policy. This policy does not articulate a definite inventory control; instead, every order generates a subsequent supply of the same quantity ordered (therefore, the realisation of supply inefficiencies disappears) (Gilliam 51). Nonetheless, the establishment of a minimum inventory level is crucial to ensure t here are no significant inconsistencies in the demand or supply schedules. Manufacturing Plans: Red Bull’s manufacturing strategy centres on the construction of new plants. This strategy is costly but it depends on the success of the joint venture. Indeed, if there is excess capacity to produce the product from the joint venture partner, Red Bull should pursue this strategy and avoid the risks of injecting a huge capital for building another plant. Transportation Again, Red Bull’s transportation strategy centres on the success of the joint venture. There is therefore no need to set up a new transport system because the local partner will provide one. This way, the company will significantly reduce the costs of operations and benefit from accessing new markets (serviced by the existing transportation network). The risk associated with this transport strategy is the possibility of the partner treating Red Bull as a secondary product. However, if the transport network is expanding and enough equipment is available to service both companies, there are not going to be any problems. Since the importation of some product ingredients is necessary for Red Bull’s operations, the company will have to avail specific documents that are synonymous with international trade. One such document is the consular invoice, which determines the balance of payment between countries (Credit Management World 12). The document also establishes that the products imported to Japan meet the state’s import regulatory standards. An insurance policy certificate is also another important transport document needed for importation, but depending on the terms of trade between the company and Japan, the stipulations in this document varies. Finally, relevant certificates need to be availed for transportation. These certificates include the certificate of inspection, certificate of origin, and weight list certificate (Credit Management World 12). Market Strategy Pricing Policy The premium-pricing model outlines Red Bull’s best chance of effectively gaining a positive perception among Japanese consumers (Berends 44). This strategy has succeeded in other parts of the world (like Apple’s dominance of the US market). Therefore, compared to the competition, Red Bull’s price will be slightly more expensive. This pricing model exploits the consumers’ perception that expensive products are of higher quality, safer and more desirable. This premium-pricing model is also in tandem with Red Bull’s aim of selling a â€Å"lifestyle† that most young people would admire. The currency used in the pricing model will be the Japanese Yen because this currency is Japan’s national currency. Different cost measures add to Red Bull’s pricing model, including the transport costs, tax, tariffs, and the overall cost of producing the product. The minimisation of transport costs occurs through the joint transport agreemen t discussed earlier in this paper. However, the overall cost of producing the product relies on the tax and tariffs imposed on the product. The imposition of a profit margin of 25% will also occur. Promotional Program The Red Bull promotional program will remain true to its international model of sponsoring sports events. Sponsoring Japanese athletes will also form a critical part of the company’s promotional plan. This way, the product will maintain its advantage over other energy drinks in the country. Therefore, advertisements through conventional media – like television, newspapers, or radio will be minimal. This promotional plan not only outlines the company’s first year marketing strategy but the company’s long-term promotional strategy too. Finances Red Bull’s first few years of operation will be costly. In addition to the initial capital, additional investments and incremental capital will boost Red Bull’s penetration in the market. Most of these capital investments will improve the company’s production and distribution facilities. Growth expectations show that the company will break-even in five years. The income statement below describes the projected finances for the first three years of operation. Pro forma Income Statement for First Three Years Operation 2013 2014 2015 Sales $26,729,620 $29,239,060 $32,124,920 Cost of Goods Sold $16,357,250 $17,310,840 $18,407,470 Operating income $10,372,370 $11,928,220 $13,717,450 Expenses Administrative $3,345,920 $3,847,810 $4,424,960 Marketing $4,182,400 $4,809,760 $5,531,230 Total Expenses $7,528,330 $8,857,580 $9,956,210 Earnings before interest and taxes $2,844,030 $3,270,640 $3,761,230 Taxes $1,023,850 $1,177,430 $1,354,040 Net Income $1,820,180 $2,093,210 $2,407,190 The pro forma statement below outlines the projected cash flow Pro forma Cash flow Statement 2013 2014 2015 Opening Balance $15,000,000 $18,000,000 $22,000,0 00 Cash received Cash Sales $24,729,620 $28,239,060 $31,124,920 Credit Sales $2,000,000 $1,000,000 $1,000,000 Interest $750,000 $350,000 $350,000 Sundries $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 Total Cash received $27,579,620 $29,689,060 $32,574,920 Cash purchases Stock Purchases $6,357,250 $7,310,840 $8,407,470 Trade Creditors $500,000 $800,000 $900,000 Other Creditors $400,000 $450,000 $475,000 Operating Costs $7,528,330 $8,857,580 $9,956,210 Capital $2,000,000 $3,000,000 $5,000,000 Other 0 0 0 Total Cash payments $16,785,580 $20,418,420 $24,738,680 Cash Increase/Decrease $10,794,040 $9,270,640 $7,836,240 Closing balance $25,794,040 $27,270,640 $29,836,240 Pro forma Balance Sheet 2013 2014 2015 Asset Cash $9,040,367 $13,680,908 $32,699,802 Total Short-term Asset $9,040,367 $13,680,908 $32,699,802 Long-term Assets Capital Assets $1,200,000 $3,200,000 $4,200,000 Accumulated Depreciation $800,000 $1,440,000 $2,280,000 Total long-te rm Assets Total Assets $10,440,367 $15,440,908 $34,619,802 Liabilities and Capital – – – Short-term Notes – – – Long-term liabilities – – – Total Liabilities – – – Earnings $4,559,633 $440,908 $19,619,802 Shareholder’s Equity $10,000,000 $10,000,000 $10,000,000 Total Equity $5,440,367 $10,440,908 $29,619,802 Total liabilities and Equity $5,440,367 $10,440,908 $29,619,802 Sources and Uses of Funds Statement The sources of funds for the international venture will come from the company – Red Bull. However, since a joint venture strategy is in the offing, funds pooling will occur. The availability of a larger capital pool is therefore possible for both companies. These funds will expand the production capacity and the existing transportation network for both companies. Other auxiliary activities that complement the company’s fund use include marketing and admi nistrative activities. Country Statistic Based on the volume of international trade that Japan enjoys, international business complements 3% of the country’s gross domestic product (Jetro 10). The joint venture between Red Bull and Oronamin-C adds to this international trade balance. Partner Information There is minimal information regarding Oronamin-C’s financial information. However, in the April-June quarter of 2011, the company reported net sales of $3,682,320. Its operating income for the same quarter was $591,982 (Jetro 10). These figures show that the company is making a lot of profit from its Japanese venture. Red Bull hopes to merge its financial resources to join this positive financial outlook. Relevant Laws Over the past years, Japan’s laws have tried to reduce legal obstacles to international trade. However, the country’s state laws still govern sensitive businesses. For example, Red Bull’s venture into Japan will be subject to anti-mo nopoly and competition laws. These laws will govern Red Bull’s intended joint venture with Oronamin-C. In addition, since Red Bull is an energy drink, the launch of the product in Japan will also be subject to health laws. These laws ensure that the drink complies with Japan’s health safety standards. Comprehensively, Red Bull’s venture into Japan is mainly subject competition and health laws. Conclusion Red Bull has managed to remain relevant through the international market because of its robust marketing strategy. Its expansion into Asia has been largely successful because of its successes in China and the Philippines. This paper’s proposal for the company to venture in Japan is largely cautious because Japan’s energy drink market is highly concentrated. However, since this paper proposes a joint venture plan, most of the risks associated with operating in a concentrated market diminish. Consequently, Red Bull will achieve significant success in this market. Works Cited Asia Law 2005, Doing Business in Japan. Web. Berends, William. Price and Profit: The Essential Guide to Product and Service  Pricing and Profit Forecasting, New York: William R. Berends, 2004. Print. Credit Management World 2012, Export Documents. Web. Euromonitor International 2011, Red Bull plans Asian expansion. Web. Gilliam, Dean. Quantum Leap: The Next Generation, New York: Ross Publishing, 2005. Print. IBS Centre of Management Research 2012, Red Bull’s Innovative Marketing:  Transforming a Humdrum Product into a Happening Brand. Web. Jain, Purnendra. Japan’s Subnational Governments in International Affairs, London: Routledge, 2005. Print. Jetro 2012, Promoting foreign direct investment (FDI) into Japan. Web. Karan, Pradyumna. Japan in the 21st Century: Environment, Economy, and Society, Kenturcky: University Press of Kentucky, 2010. Print. Meiners, Roger. The Legal Environment of Business, London: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print. Trost , Thilo. Joint Ventures: The benefits and perils – why some are successful and  others fail, New York: GRIN Verlag, 2011. Print. World Bank 2012, GDP per capita (current US$). Web. This essay on Red Bull Company Marketing Strategy was written and submitted by user J0nah to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.